Nettie Young, jaw set, a pink scarf over her hair, pauses to compose herself as she remembers.
"When I was growing up, you didn't have nothing to throw away. No waste food, no waste clothes, no waste nothing."
It was like that for everyone in Gee's Bend, a rural community in central Alabama south of Selma. So they made do. And they made quilts.
Arlonzia Pettway's mother would "take the tail part" of a dress or a skirt, or "those old britches." And "she would cut that good part out and she would make quilts" - with patterns named House Tops and Lazy Gal and Hog Pen Pole.
The Gee's Bend quilts have since become an artistic phenomenon, hailed as extraordinary expressions of geometry, color and imagination.
But as I walked through the exhibition of 74 quilts, which opened last week at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, I kept thinking about one color: green. These African American women were the ultimate conservationists.
They had to be. They were poor. "I didn't have nothing to buy nothing with," says Annie Mae Young in a film accompanying the exhibit.
But what I see in them is a kind of parable about waste and resourcefulness. Things that others might think were valueless, they kept and used.
"Every rag you see, you picked it up," says Creola B. Pettway. "Carry it on home and wash it, and you made a quilt."
In 2006, the average American generated 4.6 pounds of trash a day, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is compared to 2.68 pounds in 1960, and it has ballooned the nation's appropriately named "waste stream" to 251.3 million tons in 2006. An astounding 12.4 percent of that was food scraps.
We're recycling more, to be sure, but one reason the waste stream keeps building is that we're buying more. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, retail sales went from $1.3 trillion in 1992 to $2.9 trillion in 2006.
Art has long been a venue for "repurposing" goods. While the Gee's Bend quilts epitomize that, plenty else is going on. A Google search for "recycled craft ideas" gets 174,000 hits.
An example of what can happen, big-scale, is the clothing Swap-O-Rama-Ramas started by New Mexico's Wendy Tremayne because she "wanted to find a remedy for consumerism."
The idea is for women to bring in old clothes, experience "total abundance" when the stuff is piled together, then start taking things to nearby sewing machines and design experts to learn how to alter them to fit or refashion them into other clothing.
