Masterful timepiece engineered in the city

October 30, 2009|By Jeff Davidson, Inquirer Staff Writer
  • The clock at Drexel, engineered in the 1770s by David Rittenhouse, gives time and date, as well as the placement of planets, the equation of time to sync the clock with the sun - plus 10 songs.

Standing more than 8 feet tall in the Anthony J. Drexel Picture Gallery at Drexel University is a clock that not only gives the time and date, but also offers the moon's phase, the position of the sun and the moon in the zodiac, the placement of planets, the moon's orbit around the Earth, and the equation of time in order to sync the clock with the sun. It can also play 10 different songs at intervals throughout the day.

What makes the Astronomical Musical Clock so special is not fancy interior electronics and satellite connections, but that its construction was started in 1770 and was completed in 1773 by David Rittenhouse, one of Philadelphia's leading mathematicians, clockmakers, and astronomers. He was also the second president of the American Philosophical Society after Benjamin Franklin's death.

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"It is the demonstration that this kind of engineering and development of machinery was possible in the country so early on" that makes this grandfatherlike clock so special for Baruch Blumberg, president of the society. "There were doubts that the United States could achieve the kind of technical engineering and level that was present in Europe at the time. And I think this was an outstanding example that this could be done here - and was done."

With only minor changes to the clock's inner workings throughout the years, this work of art, with more than a thousand pieces, is a great original example of Rittenhouse's mastery of clockwork and the care and delicacy that went into the creation of his clocks. It is one of only three known still-functioning Rittenhouse astronomical clocks.

The Drexel clock, with its miniature operating model of the solar system, called an orrery, and its many technical dials, is considered by some historians to be the most important clock in America.

In the spring, Ron Hoppes, a 1960 Drexel graduate, published a book about the clock, with the American Philosophical Society, called The Most Important Clock in America. While the clock was being conserved by Eric Wilson, Bruce Forman, and Hoppes a few years ago, he had unparalleled access to its inner operations.

"As soon as I heard about [the idea for the book] and talked to Ron, I wanted to bring it to our committee on publications," said Mary McDonald, the Philosophical Society's editor. "They were all very anxious to see it published. It's the type of book the society is proud to publish, because it's very scholarly, and it has a lot of good information for people."

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