While the long-term effects of concussions have been very much in the news lately, the family is hesitant to link the Hall of Famer's condition to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the degenerative brain disease typically found in autopsies of people who have had multiple head injuries, including more than a dozen former NFL and NHL players.
Concussions weren't tracked when Howe played, so it is impossible to know how many he sustained. And he didn't start showing signs of dementia until his late 70s.
"I don't think anybody can really answer that question," Marty Howe said of a connection to CTE. "He went for so long without any symptoms whatsoever. You don't have to be an athlete or in contact sports to get dementia."
Howe's dementia is mild and his family members haven't sought a diagnosis of exactly what kind he has. They did that with Colleen, who died at 76 of Pick's disease. The rare form of dementia is marked by changes in mood, behavior, and personality, followed by memory loss similar to that experienced in Alzheimer's.
Another son, Murray, a radiologist, said his father's symptoms don't fit either Alzheimer's or Pick's.
"He has what we call mild cognitive impairment," Murray Howe said. "His brain power is not what it used to be. In terms of the prognosis and diagnosis, it's still wide open."
Gordie Howe has short-term memory loss, difficulty speaking, and some confusion in the evening when the sun goes down. The latter, called "sundowning," occurs in people with dementia, although the cause is unclear.
But Howe's personality hasn't changed, and he continues to recognize his family and friends.